On being asked by what jury he would be tried, the prisoner replied by black-fellows ; but this of course the Court was not empowered to grant. When the men are approaching each tree they throw pieces of stick at it, and dance round it on the clear space referred to, rubbing their hands upon the tree and telling the boys to take particular notice of the marks upon it. After a while the former said to them, Put your hand into the split and help me burst the log. They did so. Explore cultural objects, art and technology in the Australian Museum's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection. Very rarely did an aboriginal stoop down to pick up any article from the ground. During the early part of each day, the men go out hunting, and bring home the results of the chase, consisting of kangaroos, iguanas, birds, and other game, as well as wild honey. These were particular favorites, and it was no uncommon sight to see a group of excited blacks hacking at a log and dragging out the long, squirming worms ( which they would swallow raw and wriggling. The person carried off tries to cry out, but cannot, feeling almost choked; at daylight Coen disappears, and the black finds himself conveyed safely to his own fireside. Material on this site has different rights, uses, and permissions associated with it. The Wonnarua were part of the land. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. I further observe that the party who apprehended him and some others were subpoenaed on his trial, and the reward for his apprehension as notified in the Government Gazette of the 15th July 1835 (10) ordered by the Colonial Secretary to be paid to them. Moffatt sent me a letter from Major Sullivan complaining of one of the Companys servant[s] (as is supposed) having come to his farm fired at some blacks in a camp close to his house, and taken away one of their [women]. Any use of the language materials, and historical records, should be done in consultation with the WNAC. You have reached the end of the main content. The blossoms of the honeysuckle provided nectar, as did that of the grass tree, and of the latter children were especially fond (Dawson 1830:244). . These are excerpts from publicly available documents, mostly from the 1800s and early 1900s relating to the Gringai, giving an indication of their customs and way of life. They also believed that the koradji were possessed of wonderful supernatural powers and besides bringing disaster to others could affect cures of all manner of ills among theIr own tribe. Others say, You should not interfere with [Ko-ens possum], or he will come and kill both us and the boys. Two bull-roarers are then heard close by, and some of the men call out to those throwing the sticks, We told you to beware of Goign - here he comes ! This is said to impress the boys with supernatural terror. all one afternoon, until stopped by the manager of the station and his men, but while the manager was persuading the. King Micky, of Cooplacurripa, was well tattooed on the chest and on the muscles of the arms. Just as preparations were being made for a continuation of the rites, some of the strange blacks raised an objection to my being present with a gun, for I had with me a small sixteen-bore fowling piece I Invariably carried on my excursions in the bush. Everything was sleeping. Wildlife dwindled. Eather, and a description of the last combined Bora ceremony on the family property in 1852. Each singer seemed to be trying to outdo his neighbor in vociferation. They have also attacked Mr Nowlands station, a few miles lower down, and the enclosed from Mr Cook, which I have just received, will disclose to you the tenor of their conduct towards his men. Some time after around 1841 the original Hookes and Laurie family moving in after that date. I never knew the blacks to steal anything from our premises except water-melons, of which they were extremely fond. Island, and on Low Island, near the head of navigation of the Karuah River. The district blacks were collected in a cluster of saplings on the opposite ridge in full view of the execution. Hall and the soldiers were, I sent him a note to desire him to meet us at Hendersons to-night, unless he had correct information elsewhere. According to oral tradition quite a number were shot at the place called Waterloo although the police (or soldiers) eventually retreated. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. Name (required) Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation chief executive Laurie Perry said there were "tit-for-tat skirmishes" on the land, but "there was no massacre on the site or recorded massacre on the site". I also gave them a musket. In 1882, Maitland schoolteacher John Fraser wrote what he thought was an authoritative work on the Aborigines of NSW and used the word Gringai when referring to a group of Aborigines in the Dungog area but made no connection between that group and the Aborigines who lived in or around Sydney. These logs were generally supposed to have been left by floods, but I never felt satisfied, for they were mostly about the same distance apart. Under the open side leaves are thickly strewn on the ground, for the men and boys to lie upon. The ceremonial break from their mothers signified the first step towards manhood, it was the beginning of an event that would make them spiritually as well as physically different from women. The juvenile males of this (the Dungog) tribe were, from the age of about twelve to eighteen, allowed to accompany their parents and friends in hunting excursions, and assisted in the incidental fagging necessary about the camps. The shout then set up by all was deafening. There was a big fire and round it were seated the [women] who were beating possum skins stretched tight across their knees. There are hardly any left, except in odd places, just a wreck of what they were. The shouts of the surrounding party often makes him drop his burden; otherwise he conveys them to his fireplace in the bush where he deposits his load close to the fire. Their good temper and childish relish of fun was never more exemplified than when someone made a present to a stalwart black of an old hat, coat, or other discarded garment. Marriages were arranged by the parents and kindred, and a wife was chosen from a neighboring tribe; for instance a man living at Gresford obtained a wife from the Hunter River. I have some old records of the A.A. Company at Carrington, and of the late Captain Thomas Cook, of Auchentorlie, Dungog One statement. Indeed the men would never discuss them at all. When such a contingent gets within about a days journey of the main camp, a messenger is sent on to report that they will arrive next day or the day following. Women were not allowed to see drawings of Baiame nor approach Baiame sites, which are often male initiation sites (boras). The Kabook and Watoo people of the Gringai clan of the Worimi Nation (The Cook family) have lived continually in the Barrington for over 189 years recorded by the first white settlers 1826, until the present Cook Family Descendants from the Kabook and Watoo people speak the Kattang (or Gathang) language and it has been recorded that they are the last of the true custodians and Clan within the boundaries of the Allyn and Williams river up stream to Gummi Falls on the Manning River known as Kummi Kummi (Place of many Crystal stones), Barrington Tops (Beann Beann), Rawdon Vale, Barrington, Gloucester up to the Manning river down to Cresford the Karuah River and the Bulliac Tugrabakh Bora Ground area, some 13km from Gloucester. The blacks had lately been very troublesome and bold. Climactically the upper tooth was extracted by an elder and the slightest indication of objection or pain resulted in ridicule. Eighty years have elapsed since that tragic story was enacted, and only a fragmentary history remains of .it to-day. As a feat of agility it was more than ordinarily remarkable. The Katthang word for bull roarer, Goo-nan-duk-yer, means human shit eater. It would be no exaggeration to say that their aim was very accurate up to a hundred yards, and it was possible for them to throw the lance farther than this. Of course, the whites could not for their own safety allow such an event to pass without in some way punishing the blacks, but the way they did retaliate must appear to us moderns as shockingly cruel but unfortunately for themselves the blacks were looked upon by the early settlers as vermin fit only to be destroyed. [3], On 5 September 1995, descendants of Sara Madoo, a traditional custodian of the Wonnarua lands, passed the Federal Court registration test of native title claims, pursuant to Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) s190A. The diameters of this oval space were 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, being smaller than the oval near the camp. The fitting was done so cleverly that the whole would be as solid as though in one piece. The mother of each novice, before leaving the kackaroo, picks some small green bushes, which she ties on the top end of her yamstick. When the camp became go noisome that even the accustomed noses of the inhabitants revolted, the tribe would move in a body to another site, distant beyond [the] smell of the old homes. The A. % Most of the Gringai were named Kumbo, but there were some Ipai, Kubbi and Murri among them. [1], The Gringai are a known clan of the Wonnarua people, whose traditional lands are the Allyn River valley,[9] and include what is now known as Dungog, Paterson, Gresford, Brookfield,[7] Tocal,[10] to the headwaters of the Williams and Chichester rivers. Kabooks. The toys in our collection were acquired between 1885 and 2018, and are made from various materials. @!Jnm=z9A0h>n~q8FZG7dJNe)u&k3mNImpTyJdqynqM|49z?1Lg9RWy5HBJ4E>+w or four more did the same, some most viciously, while others seemed to think a little of that sort of thing went a great way. Good temper pervaded their whole conduct, and it was hard to put any of them out of countenance. We pay our respect to Aboriginal Elders and recognise their continuous connection to Country. The whites, themselves, being oppressed with scarcity and dearth of provisions, were forced to withdraw that countenance and support they had formerly afforded to the blacks, and that was indeed the cause of all the mischief that occurred some little time since. endstream endobj 73 0 obj <>stream This activity was to keep them from being aware that their boys were being taken stealthily from the kackaroo to the goonambang. In my days they had progressed beyond the stage when they used the old stone tool, The tomahawk of the early days was a good deal different from the one in common use now. On the way they paint their bodies with powdered charcoal, obtained by burning the bark of the apple tree or bloodwood, and mixing it with grease. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Collection. The PCWP has askedfederal Environment Minister Sussan Ley to use Aboriginal heritage laws to protect the countryside around Ravensworth from further mining. All the men at the goonambang then start towards the kackaroo in single file, march- ing in a meandering course, and shouting as they go. There was no pretence at architecture or even orderly erection of the crude break-wind. This stiffened the carcase fairly effectively, thus making it more convenient to carry over the shoulders, a factor appreciated by the man that had to bear the burden for per- haps many a weary mile. Dungog was the ultimate limit of settlement for ten years or more. The old men who are in the ring with the women, therefore, conduct each mother to her son where he is standing holding the hand of the men on each side of him. The map was determined by overlaying an old parish map onto a topographic map. When the camp at the kweealbang has been completed the novices are placed lying, down in a row on the leaves which have been spread on the ground under the shelter, and are covered over with rugs, each boy having his guardian beside him. Any danger that might have arisen, through residence in malodorous and unhygienic environment was avoided in a very simple and practical fashion. The main camp of the natives who were present at the ceremonies was pitched in an open forest, on some gently sloping ground a few chains easterly from the left bank of a small watercourse, a tributary of the Allyn River, within Portion No. 'gxI'wHOs$;I qv,1*dFnuv1:d8G+2(Qke >W8T 9s+-uanLm At the end of the song they would burst into shrieks of raucous merriment. [8], An Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales. It was here intimated to the Court, that the prisoner wished to retire for a short time, and he was therefore directed to be removed in charge of a constable. A. (By WIRRAPIT). . First, the mothers of the boys are set free - then the sisters - and lastly, the other women and children are uncovered. removed the kidney fat without the painful operation above described. The Chief Justice recommended the prisoner to the Sheriffs humane attention. The women and children walked to the kackaroo and were told to lie face down in the middle of the large circle. A hole was dug in easy soil in a well shaded locality, about two-feet deep and circular. The result was deadly to the natives. Company Information To dig his grave a spade was borrowed from us, and the excavation was made on the foreshores, a few yards above high- water mark. Nothing would be said to the women about these proceedings until the time arrived for making a start for the place of meeting. As soon as they had prostrated themselves they were covered up with blankets and possum skin rugs by an old black who kept guard over them, with a heavy waddy in his hand, ready to knock any of the women on the head if they evinced signs 0 f restlessness or undue curiosity In the proceedings. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 14 May 1935 Page 6 BATTLE WITH THE BOWMAN BLACKS. Open Microsoft Word, click then insert menu and then choose SmartArt graphics. No black would dream of going fishing after having partaken of a feed of fruit ) nor would he accom- pany any- one who had been similarly guilty. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. . sunrise, one of the headmen pretends to see a large brown squirrel [possum] going into a hole in a tree growing near the camp, and asks one of the men to catch it. Bail steal em, master they protested vigorously, We only take it. This naive explanation was their manner of discrimi- nating between something taken with malicious intent, and something taken merely to gratify a fancy. By working the cords the wood was made to revolve rapidly, giving out the noise that gladdened their young hearts. To signify the religious importance, the initiates were given rock crystals warmed in an open fire and told that these were the excrement of the great spirit Goign (hence the meaning of goonambangthe place of excrement). Research revealing the rich and complex culture of Aboriginal people in the Port Jackson region. This will be seen when the reader has a full account of the Mt. Taking away the boys.On the evening of the day preceding the principal cere- mony, all the tribes remove their camps close to the kackaroo, or public ring, where they remain for the night. When these leaves get dry, it will be considered about time to bring the boys back to the Kweealbang. The men had as theirs the tiny bat that flies about at dusk, and this little winged sprite was re-garded with deep veneration. Ganghat became anathema to the tribe a valley of death. One would he deputed to climb for the quarry, and with his tomahawk would set about making toe-holds In the bark up the straight bole. white stone to be carried back to the headman who sent him. Online help is available anytime from other FamilySearch users. The kackaroo (ceremonial ground) was surrounded by carved trees and bushes. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. At this camp there are pantomimic performances nearly every night, the men dancing and acting on the clear space already described. When the fumigating of the men and novices has been completed the women go away to their camp, which is close by, and the men proceed to theirsthe married men joining their wives later on. endstream endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj <>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 72 0 obj <>stream The ridge Dungog is built on was called Dunbah. must be carried bv them, when going from place to place, till they again meet their brothers at the kweealbang. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. When a death took place there was great weeping and wailing. . The natives of each party harangued each other in turns, and then the strange blacks placed their spears against a tree and gave an invitation to join them. A windows (pop-into) of information (full-content of Sensagent) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage. Figure 9: A map of the area described. James Miller, the author of Koori: A Will to Win, writes an ancestor was from Eccleston, and regards himself as Wonnarua. The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) Tue 12 Aug 1834 Page 2 SUPREME CRIMINAL COURT. Are made from various materials a topographic map main content, Goo-nan-duk-yer, means shit. Boys with supernatural terror fragmentary history remains of.it to-day was done so cleverly that the would. 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