He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. von Speer, Albert: und eine groe Auswahl hnlicher Bcher, Kunst und Sammlerstcke erhltlich auf AbeBooks.de. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. "It is not charity; I don't like that . [89] To increase production, Speer introduced a system of punishments for his workforce. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. The journalist described an invented scenario in which Speer had refused Hitler's orders and Hitler had left with tears in his eyes. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. [25] After the war, he claimed to have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. Albert Speer (n.Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, 19 martie 1905 d. 1 septembrie 1981) a fost un arhitect german care a fost, pentru o parte din al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, ministrul al narmrii i produciei de rzboi pentru al Treilea Reich.Speer a fost arhitectul preferat al lui Adolf Hitler, nainte de a ocupa posturi ministeriale.i-a asumat responsabilitatea pentru crimele . [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". He lost Hitler's unconditional support and began to lose power. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." like so many other Germans his Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. Speer returned to London in 1981 to participate in the BBC Newsnight programme. [122] Speer's parents died while he was incarcerated. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. While he sought to frustrate directives to destroy industrial facilities in areas at risk of capture, so that they could be used after the war, he still supported the war's continuation. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer ( Mannheim, 19. oujka 1905. In 1944, this became endemic; over half a million workers were arrested. Most days he was invited to dinner. [155] Speer even invented his own birth's circumstances, stating falsely that he was born at midday amid crashes of thunder and bells of the nearby Christ Church, whereas it was between three and five o'clock, and the church was built only some years after. Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Die Zelle. Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . [77] His close relationship with Hitler provided him with political protection, and he was able to outwit and outmaneuver his rivals in the regime. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. After the war, Speer was among the 24 "major war criminals" arrested and charged with the crimes of the Nazi regime at the Nuremberg trials. Albert Speer, (born March 19, 1905, Mannheim, Baden, Germanydied September 1, 1981, London, England), German architect who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect (1933-45) and minister for armaments and war production (1942-45). [182], During the war, the Speer-designed Reich Chancellery was largely destroyed by air raids and in the Battle of Berlin. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. [1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. [67] With Hitler's full agreement, he decided to prioritize tank production, and he was given unrivaled power to ensure success. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. [155] Isabell Trommer writes in her biography of Speer that Fest and Siedler were co-authors of Speer's memoirs and co-creators of his myths. [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. Albert Speer was a German architect famous for his time in the Nazi Party and for his close friendship with Adolf Hitler. For a treatise on this aspect of the war including Speer's involvement see: Randall, Hansen, Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions, "Trials of the War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, Volume II: The Milch Case", "Wartime reports debunk Speer as the good Nazi", "Letter proves Speer knew of Holocaust plan", "Historiker ber Albert Speer: "Er tat alles fr den Endsieg", "Rechtfertigung und Entlastung. [147], Speer made himself widely available to historians and other enquirers. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. After his release on 1 October 1966, he used Federal Archive documents to rework the material into his autobiography. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". [50] In his final statement at Nuremberg, Speer gave the impression of apologizing, although he did not directly admit any personal guilt and the only victim he mentioned was the German people. Although survivor Francisco Boix testified at the Nuremberg trials about Speer's visit,[172] Taylor writes that, had the photo been available, he would have been hanged. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. [2] In 1918, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved to a home they had in Heidelberg. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. For the record, Ernst Speer is discussed at p. 336 in Beevor's "Stalingrad" (Penguin 2007), The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. There's a small road going to the right. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. Before that, Speer worked as the chief architect in Hitler's Nazi . [177] The rational position to adopt was to seek a political solution that would end the war without defeat. [94] After the plot Speer's rivals attacked some of his closest allies and his management system fell out of favor with radicals in the party. This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. Many more buildings were planned. [157] In return they were paid handsomely in royalties and other financial inducements. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". [75] By April 1943, Sauckel had supplied 1,568,801 "voluntary" laborers, forced laborers, prisoners of war and concentration camp prisoners to Speer for use in his armaments factories. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. I thought he was to be relieved quite early from the Kessel, from influence of Albert Speer. [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. Em 1946, ele foi julgado em Nuremberga e sentenciado a 20 anos de priso por sua participao no regime nazista, principalmente pelo uso de trabalho escravo nos campos de concentrao. His sister's name was Carrie. [125] He had completed his memoirs by November 1953, which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich. Those who feigned illness, slacked off, sabotaged production or tried to escape were denied food or sent to concentration camps. [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". [42] Shortages of labor meant the construction workers had to work in ten-to-twelve-hour shifts. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . Today: Still there. "[115] Speer's attorney, Hans Flchsner, successfully contrasted Speer from other defendants[116] and portrayed him as an artist thrust into political life who had always remained a non-ideologue. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. I myself must carry this out. After the disasters of the battle of Moscow (Operation Typhoon) and even after Stalingrad Germany manages to greatly increase its military production, even though the allies were launching a major bombing campaign against them. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. He was aided editorially by Wolf Jobst Siedler, Ullstein and Propylaen, and Joachim Fest. [127], Much of Speer's energy was dedicated to keeping fit, both physically and mentally, during his long confinement. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. . Gring was reluctant to grant this. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. Once Speer became aware of the existence of the fund, he sent detailed instructions about what to do with the money. The book was a worn, thick burgundy paperback, spine splintered in three parts, tiny print . [30] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. But the children-my two brothers and I-had to use the back stairs. Speer studied at the technical schools in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Berlin, and acquired an architectural license in 1927. [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and [37] Speer hired Wolters as part of his design team, with special responsibility for the Prachtstrasse. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. 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